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Modern Term: Body lice or pediculosis corporis
Multiple excoriations due to severe pruritus. Body lice live in the seams of clothing, not on the body as do head lice and crab lice.
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Tender erythematous nodules and plaques indicate the need to search for a variety of infectious and inflammatory underlying disorders.
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Modern Term: Neurofibromatosis
Multiple, soft, sometimes pedunculated, tumors of intradermal Schwann cells. Disorder is due to mutations in NF1, but the tumors do not begin to appear until later childhood or adolescence.
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Modern Term: Nail dystrophy due to psoriasis and syphilis
In addition to palmar hyperkeratosis due to psoriasis, there are nail findings including “oil drop” changes, thickening of the nail bed, and ridging
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Modern Term: Same/atopic dermatitis
Atopy consists of the triad of asthma, hay fever, and extensor (infants) or flexural (adults) eczema, more precisely termed atopic dermatitis.
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Modern Term: Psoriasis (long-standing, recalcitrant)
Typical appearance of psoriasis when it is chronic and recalcitrant to therapy.
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Modern Term: Same or tinea versicolor
The lesions are usually hypopigmented or hyperpigmented with varying degrees of pigmentation, hence the term versicolor. It represents a superficial cutaneous infection due to the yeast Malassezia furfur.
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Modern term: Addison’s disease
Adrenal failure with loss of pituitary feedback inhibition leads to increased secretion of ACTH, which shares an amino acid sequence with melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH). This leads to enhanced production of melanin by epidermal melanocytes.
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Modern Term: Leukoderma or hypopigmentation
Leukoderma, meaning “white skin”, describes a decrease in pigmentation of the skin. Two of the most common causes are post-inflammatory hypopigmentation (partial loss) and vitiligo (complete loss).
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Clusters of vesicles on an inflammatory base due to reactivation of varicella zoster virus latent in dorsal root ganglia. The distribution pattern is dermatomal.
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Modern Term: Cutaneous tuberculosis, lupus vulgaris variant
This variant of cutaneous TB is rare nowadays in high-income countries. Note the centrifugal spread with a serpiginous elevated border and residual central scarring.
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Modern Term: Epidermal nevus, systematized
Linear streaks of brown warty papules that appear at birth or during infancy. The curvature of the bands reflects distribution along Blaschko’s lines not dermatomes.
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Modern Term: 1. Same 2. Cutaneous tuberculosis, lupus vulgaris variant
1. Circumscribed patches of hair loss due to autoimmune phenomenon. More common in children than adults.
2. Lupus vulgaris with inflamed serpiginous border whose secondary changes include ulcerations and hemorrhagic crusts.
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Modern term: Psoriasis vulgaris
Confluence of individual psoriatic plaques can produce a single extensive plaque covering the entire scalp and forehead as well as any site on the body.
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