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Modern Term: Tinea capitis, and if boggy pustular plaques, kerion
In tinea capitis, alopecia is due to breakage of hair shafts made fragile by the proliferation of dermatophyte conidia within them. Cell-mediated response to infection may produce a boggy edematous plaque of the scalp called a kerion.
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Modern Term: iododerma, halogenoderma
Exposure to halogens, in particular iodides and bromides, can lead to dramatic vesiculobullous eruptions; the lesions may also contain pus but are sterile.
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Modern Term: Impetigo
Secondary staphylococcal or streptococcal infection following breaks in the skin barrier from scratching pruritic lesions of varicella. Honey-colored crusts are characteristic of impetigo.
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Modern Term: Primary and secondary syphilis
Widespread erythematous plaques with scale represent secondary phase and well-circumscribed ulcers in pubic region represent primary phase (chancres).
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Modern Term: Lepromatous leprosy
Disseminated nodules and plaques that teem with M. leprae bacilli. Lepromatous leprosy represents the anergic pole of the disease.
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Papulopustular eruption that affects at least 80% of teenagers. Onset is at puberty because androgens lead to changes in the follicular epithelium.
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Modern Term: Body lice or pediculosis corporis
Multiple excoriations due to severe pruritus. Body lice live in the seams of clothing, not on the body as do head lice and crab lice.
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Tender erythematous nodules and plaques indicate the need to search for a variety of infectious and inflammatory underlying disorders.
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Modern Term: Neurofibromatosis
Multiple, soft, sometimes pedunculated, tumors of intradermal Schwann cells. Disorder is due to mutations in NF1, but the tumors do not begin to appear until later childhood or adolescence.
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Modern Term: Nail dystrophy due to psoriasis and syphilis
In addition to palmar hyperkeratosis due to psoriasis, there are nail findings including “oil drop” changes, thickening of the nail bed, and ridging
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Modern Term: Same/atopic dermatitis
Atopy consists of the triad of asthma, hay fever, and extensor (infants) or flexural (adults) eczema, more precisely termed atopic dermatitis.
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Modern Term: Psoriasis (long-standing, recalcitrant)
Typical appearance of psoriasis when it is chronic and recalcitrant to therapy.
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Modern Term: Same or tinea versicolor
The lesions are usually hypopigmented or hyperpigmented with varying degrees of pigmentation, hence the term versicolor. It represents a superficial cutaneous infection due to the yeast Malassezia furfur.
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Modern term: Addison’s disease
Adrenal failure with loss of pituitary feedback inhibition leads to increased secretion of ACTH, which shares an amino acid sequence with melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH). This leads to enhanced production of melanin by epidermal melanocytes.